Bit depth is related to dynamic range, that’s all.
16 bit gives you 96dB of dynamic range. 24 bit give you 144dB of dynamic range.
As far as I know, there is no AD converter in the world that can capture a dynamic range of 144dB.
Bits are in no way related to “resolution” as we know it in -for example- photography.
Less bits don’t make the recording less “accurate” or “detailed”, it just reduces the amount of dynamic range that can be captured.
And even if you would be able to record a 96dB signal, there is no way you would be able to hear what’s happening “at the bottom” (lower bits) without blowing your eardrums out.
Yes, you can “prove” that digital has some limitations and possible innacuracies, but only in a laboratory, exotic, non-realistic test. (Like attenuate by 90dB, then raise volume again by 90dB, etc …)
Fredo