I was able to resolve the problem. It was not a driver, memory, or .Net issue, it was the Windows “Scale and Layout” settings for high DPI displays. Apparently it behaves differently in the latest version of Windows 10, because I had the same scaling settings before and did not have this GUI problem in Cubase. I have my scaling set to 150% on my 4K monitor so that everything does not look microscopic, which now apparently breaks Cubase’s ability to display plugins correctly.
I solved the issue by right clicking on the Cubase icon and going into properties> compatibility> override high DPI scaling behavior> and selecting Scaling performed by: application. This solves the graphical glitches, but at the cost of everything in Cubase appearing extremely small.